30-Year Treasury par yield
5.32%
down 5 basis points vs Oct 28, 2026
Observation date:
- 1 week ago
- 5.29%up 3 basis points Oct 22, 2026
- 1 month ago
- 5.59%down 27 basis points Sep 29, 2026
- 1 year ago
- 4.61%up 71 basis points Oct 29, 2025
- 52-week high
- 5.67%Oct 7, 2026
- 52-week low
- 4.61%Oct 29, 2025
30-Year Treasury yield history
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| Month | Last observation | Yield | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2026 | 5.32% | −32 bp | |
| Sep 2026 | 5.64% | +39 bp | |
| Aug 2026 | 5.25% | −2 bp | |
| Jul 2026 | 5.27% | +36 bp | |
| Jun 2026 | 4.91% | −8 bp | |
| May 2026 | 4.99% | +1 bp | |
| Apr 2026 | 4.98% | +10 bp | |
| Mar 2026 | 4.88% | +24 bp | |
| Feb 2026 | 4.64% | −23 bp | |
| Jan 2026 | 4.87% | +3 bp | |
| Dec 2025 | 4.84% | +17 bp | |
| Nov 2025 | 4.67% | 0 bp |
| Year | Year end | Average | High | Low |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 (to date) | 5.32% | 5.05% | 5.67% | 4.64% |
| 2025 | 4.84% | 4.78% | 5.08% | 4.41% |
| 2024 | 4.78% | 4.41% | 4.82% | 3.94% |
| 2023 | 4.03% | 4.09% | 5.11% | 3.54% |
| 2022 | 3.97% | 3.11% | 4.40% | 2.01% |
| 2021 | 1.90% | 2.06% | 2.45% | 1.66% |
| 2020 | 1.65% | 1.56% | 2.38% | 0.99% |
| 2019 | 2.39% | 2.58% | 3.13% | 1.94% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | 3.11% | 3.46% | 2.78% |
| 2017 | 2.74% | 2.89% | 3.20% | 2.66% |
Month-end and year-end values are the last Treasury observation in each period. Averages are simple averages of daily observations; the current year is partial.
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates. Latest observation: . Last checked: Oct 29, 2026 6:09 pm ET. How we use this data.
What the 30-year Treasury yield represents
The 30-year Treasury yield is the annual return investors require to lend to the U.S. government for three decades, the longest maturity the Treasury currently sells. The 30-year Treasury bond is often called the “long bond.” The rate on this page is the Treasury’s 30-year par yield curve rate, calculated from end-of-day market prices.
Over such a long horizon, today’s Federal Reserve policy matters much less than long-run views about growth, inflation, government borrowing and how much extra return investors want for tying up money for so long.
What moves the 30-year yield
- Long-run inflation expectations. Thirty years of fixed payments lose a lot of value if inflation runs high, so investors are especially sensitive to the long-term inflation outlook.
- The term premium. The extra return demanded for holding very long bonds rather than rolling over short ones. It can rise when uncertainty about inflation or fiscal policy rises.
- Government borrowing. Expectations for future deficits and the amount of long-term debt the Treasury plans to sell influence long-bond prices.
- Demand from long-term investors. Pension funds and insurance companies buy long bonds to match payments they owe decades from now. Changes in their demand affect yields.
- Price sensitivity. A small change in yield moves a 30-year bond’s price far more than a short bill’s. This makes long yields responsive to shifts in sentiment.
A note on the history: the missing years
The Treasury stopped issuing 30-year bonds in 2001 and resumed in 2006. During that period the Treasury did not publish a 30-year rate on its daily par yield curve, so our history has no 30-year values from February 2002 to February 2006. We leave that gap empty rather than estimating it. Charts show a break in the line, and downloads leave those cells blank.
The 30-year compared with other maturities
Compare the long bond with the 10-year, the 20-year and the 2-year in the panel above. The 30-year often yields more than the 10-year because of the longer commitment, but not always; the long end of the curve can be flat or even slightly inverted. The Treasury Spread Calculator charts any pair over time.
Why 30-year mortgages follow the 10-year more than the 30-year
It is natural to assume that 30-year mortgage rates track the 30-year Treasury. In practice, most mortgages are paid off early when homeowners move or refinance, so the money is typically outstanding for much less than 30 years. Mortgage rates therefore tend to move more closely with the 10-year yield, plus a spread set by lenders and investors.
30-year bonds in brief
Treasury bonds have 20- or 30-year maturities, pay interest every six months and return face value at maturity. The Treasury auctions 30-year bonds every month, with new issues and reopenings of existing bonds. Interest is subject to federal income tax but exempt from state and local income tax.
Key terms
- Long bond
- Market nickname for the 30-year Treasury bond.
- Duration
- A measure of how sensitive a bond’s price is to a change in yield. Long bonds have high duration, so their prices move more when yields change.
- Term premium
- The extra yield investors demand for holding a long bond instead of a series of short ones.
Related tools and guides
- Treasury Bill vs. Treasury Note vs. Treasury Bond
- What Is a Treasury Yield Curve?
- Historical Treasury rates with CSV download
Sources
- U.S. Department of the Treasury, Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates.
- TreasuryDirect, Treasury Bonds.
- Our data sources and methodology.
Frequently asked questions
Why is the 30-year yield sometimes lower than the 10-year?
Strong demand from long-term investors, lower long-run inflation expectations or a smaller term premium can pull the 30-year yield down relative to the 10-year. When that happens, the long end of the curve is flat or inverted.
Why are there no 30-year values in parts of 2002 to 2006?
The Treasury suspended 30-year bond issuance during that period and did not publish a 30-year rate on its daily curve. We show the gap instead of filling it.
How much does a 30-year bond’s price change when its yield changes?
Much more than a short-term security’s. As a rough illustration, a 1 percentage point rise in yield can reduce a long bond’s price by well over 10%, depending on its coupon and remaining term. Holding to maturity still returns the full face value.
Is the 30-year yield a good guide to mortgage rates?
Not the best one. Mortgage rates usually track the 10-year Treasury yield more closely because most mortgages are repaid long before 30 years.
Where can I buy 30-year Treasury bonds?
At Treasury auctions through TreasuryDirect or a broker, or in the secondary market through a broker. The yield you get depends on the auction result or market price when you buy.